MAWAQIT
MAWAQIT
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ dies at midday in the apartment of ʿĀʾishah, aged sixty-three, and is buried where he died.
Fourteen days on the desert road end at a small oasis village — the journey that begins the calendar itself.
The night journey from Makkah to Jerusalem and the ascent through the heavens — affirmed in the Qurʾān, its exact date left open by the earliest sources.
Mehmed II takes the city after 53 days of siege; eleven centuries of Byzantium end and Istanbul begins.
The city surrenders after a two-week siege; the Aqṣā mosque is restored to prayer 88 years after the Crusader conquest.
In the cave of Ḥirāʾ the first verses descend: "Recite, in the name of your Lord who created."
Three hundred and thirteen meet Quraysh at the wells of Badr — the first pitched battle of Islam, remembered as Yawm al-Furqān.
The Prophet ﷺ enters Makkah almost without a fight, grants a general amnesty, and clears the Kaʿbah of its idols.
The Prophet’s ﷺ grandson and some seventy of his family and companions are killed on ʿĀshūrāʾ by the army sent to bar his way to Kūfah.
The Prophet ﷺ is born in Makkah in the Year of the Elephant. A Monday by agreement; the day of the month is transmitted variously.
On the day of ʿArafah the Prophet ﷺ addresses the largest gathering of his life: sanctity of life and property, and "have I conveyed?"
Quṭuz and Baybars halt the Mongol advance in Galilee — the first defeat the Mongol empire could not avenge.
Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad XII hands the Alhambra to Ferdinand and Isabella, ending seven and a half centuries of Muslim rule in Iberia.
Hülegü’s army enters the City of Peace; the last ʿAbbāsid caliph of Baghdad is killed and the age of the caliphate ends.
Quraysh returns in force; victory slips away when the archers leave the hill, and Ḥamzah is among the seventy martyrs.
The first caliph dies after two years and three months that held the community together, having named ʿUmar to follow him.
Six days above the Yarmūk gorge end Roman rule in Syria; Heraclius’s farewell to the province became proverbial.
The second caliph is stabbed leading the dawn prayer; he dies within days, leaving the choice of a successor to six.
After a forty-day siege of his house, the third caliph is killed over his muṣḥaf — the wound the community never fully closed.
Struck at the dawn prayer in Kūfah by a Khārijite blade, the fourth caliph dies two days later — the end of the Rashidun age.
The founder of the Shāfiʿī school died in Egypt at 54, leaving uṣūl al-fiqh itself as his monument.
The Crusader field army is destroyed near Tiberias, opening the road to Jerusalem three months later.
A confederacy of ten thousand besieges Madinah and breaks against a ditch, a windstorm, and three weeks of failure.
Turned back from ʿumrah, the Prophet ﷺ signs a ten-year truce the Qurʾān names a clear victory.
Four days on the desert’s edge break Sasanian field power; Ctesiphon and Iraq follow.
The caliph accepts the city’s surrender in person and grants the assurance later known as the Pact of ʿUmar.
Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād breaks the Visigothic army and King Roderic falls; al-Andalus opens in a single Ramaḍān.
The imam of the ḥadīth folk dies in Baghdad at seventy-seven; the funeral crowds became proverbial.
The First Crusade breaches the walls; the city’s Muslim and Jewish inhabitants are massacred.
The fortified oasis north of Madinah falls fortress by fortress; ʿAlī’s standard at al-Qamūṣ enters the tradition’s memory.
Three thousand meet the Byzantine frontier army east of the Jordan; the three appointed commanders fall one after another.
Al-Manṣūr breaks ground on the Round City between the rivers — capital of the ʿAbbāsids and, soon, of the world’s learning.
The jurist of Kūfah and eponym of the largest madhhab dies in Baghdad, imprisoned for refusing the judgeship.
On the night al-Hādī dies, the caliphate passes to his brother Hārūn — the reign that became the imagined golden age of Baghdad.
The imam of Madinah, author of the Muwaṭṭaʾ, dies in the city he almost never left, in his mid-eighties.
Alp Arslan captures the Roman emperor; the Anatolian plateau opens to the Turks.
Yūsuf ibn Tāshfīn crosses from Morocco and shatters Alfonso VI’s army — al-Andalus wins a century of reprieve.
The Proof of Islam dies at Ṭūs at 55, a decade after walking out of the Niẓāmiyyah at the height of his fame.
The combined Christian kings break the Almohad army in the Sierra Morena — the turning of the tide in al-Andalus.
The jurist and ḥadīth scholar of Damascus, author of Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn, dies in his home village of Nawā aged 45.
The Shaykh al-Islām dies imprisoned in the Damascus citadel, his ink and paper confiscated; the city empties for his funeral.
During the days at Qubāʾ the first mosque of Islam is laid out — "founded upon taqwā from the first day".
ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ plants the tent-city by the Babylon fortress — the seed of what will become Cairo.
ʿUqba ibn Nāfiʿ plants a permanent camp on the Ifrīqiyan steppe — the base that anchors Islam in the Maghreb.
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Dākhil founds the mosque whose horseshoe arcades become the signature of the Muslim West.
The compiler of the Ṣaḥīḥ dies at Nīshāpūr at about 55 — felled, the story goes, by a night lost in a single ḥadīth.
The compiler of the Jāmiʿ — the collection that grades its own ḥadīth — dies blind at Tirmidh on the Oxus.
The author of the Tārīkh and the great Tafsīr — the chronicle this database leans on — dies in Baghdad at 85.
Jawhar the Sicilian breaks ground for the mosque of the new Cairo — the future thousand-year university.
The Ḥanbalī preacher and namesake of the Qādiriyyah dies in Baghdad at about ninety.