Treaty of al-Ḥudaybiyyah

In Dhū al-Qaʿdah 6 AH the Prophet ﷺ marched with some fourteen hundred companions, unarmed for war, to perform ʿumrah. Quraysh barred the way at al-Ḥudaybiyyah on Makkah's edge. After tense embassies and the pledge under the tree, a ten-year truce was written on terms many companions found bitter: return this year, and hand back Makkans who come over without their guardians' leave.

Sūrat al-Fatḥ, revealed on the road home, named the treaty "a clear victory" — and events read the verse out: the truce's peace let Islam spread faster in two years than in the nineteen before, and its breach by Quraysh's allies opened the road to the conquest of Makkah.

The month is unanimous; the days of the negotiation are not fixed.