Mawlid — traditional birth date of the Prophet ﷺ

The Prophet ﷺ was born in Makkah in ʿĀm al-Fīl, the Year of the Elephant — the year Abraha's expedition against the Kaʿbah failed — conventionally placed around 570 CE.

That he was born on a Monday is agreed, resting on his own words when asked about fasting the day. The day of the month is another matter: 8, 9, 10 and 12 Rabīʿ al-Awwal are all transmitted, with 12 becoming the customary date across most of the Muslim world, while some modern astronomical reconstructions favour 9.

This entry records the observed date and marks the disagreement rather than resolving it; the year itself is a folk-calendar anchor, not an AH date, which is why no Hijri year is given.