Campaign of Khaybar

Weeks after returning from al-Ḥudaybiyyah, the Prophet ﷺ moved suddenly against Khaybar, the chain of fortified volcanic outcrops a hundred miles north of Madinah whose lords had bankrolled the confederacy of the Trench. The fortresses fell one by one over some weeks of siege; the tradition dwells on the standard given to ʿAlī before al-Qamūṣ after others had failed.

The settlement set terms that became precedent: the people of Khaybar kept their lands as tenants on half the produce. The campaign closed the northern threat and left the treasury, for the first time, with steady revenue.

Ibn Isḥāq places the march in Muḥarram 7 AH; Ṣafar and Rabīʿ al-Awwal also occur, and no day is fixed — month precision is the honest record.