Yūsuf ibn Tāshfīn crosses from Morocco and shatters Alfonso VI’s army — al-Andalus wins a century of reprieve.
Six days above the Yarmūk gorge end Roman rule in Syria; Heraclius’s farewell to the province became proverbial.
The founder of the Shāfiʿī school died in Egypt at 54, leaving uṣūl al-fiqh itself as his monument.
The jurist of Kūfah and eponym of the largest madhhab dies in Baghdad, imprisoned for refusing the judgeship.
Four days on the desert’s edge break Sasanian field power; Ctesiphon and Iraq follow.