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4 Ṣafar 21 AH · ≈ Saturday 12 January 642
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Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols سقوط بغداد

Hülegü’s army enters the City of Peace; the last ʿAbbāsid caliph of Baghdad is killed and the age of the caliphate ends.

4 Ṣafar 656 AH10 Feb 1258DayAttestedAbbasid · Iraq · Conquest
YEAR-PRECISE — THIS YEAR IN 21 AH

Founding of al-Fusṭāṭ تأسيس الفسطاط

ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ plants the tent-city by the Babylon fortress — the seed of what will become Cairo.

21 AH≈ 642 CEYearTraditionalRashidun · Egypt · Founding
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4Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols656 AH · 10 Feb 1258