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18 Dhū al-Ḥijjah 21 AH · ≈ Sunday 17 November 642
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Martyrdom of ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān استشهاد عثمان بن عفان

After a forty-day siege of his house, the third caliph is killed over his muṣḥaf — the wound the community never fully closed.

18 Dhū al-Ḥijjah 35 AH17 Jun 656DayAttestedRashidun · Hijaz · Death
YEAR-PRECISE — THIS YEAR IN 21 AH

Founding of al-Fusṭāṭ تأسيس الفسطاط

ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ plants the tent-city by the Babylon fortress — the seed of what will become Cairo.

21 AH≈ 642 CEYearTraditionalRashidun · Egypt · Founding
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