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25 Ramaḍān 16 AH · ≈ Monday 20 October 637
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Battle of ʿAyn Jālūt معركة عين جالوت

Quṭuz and Baybars halt the Mongol advance in Galilee — the first defeat the Mongol empire could not avenge.

25 Ramaḍān 658 AH3 Sep 1260DayAttestedMamluk · Levant · Battle
Month-precise — Spanning this month:

The first revelation — Iqraʾ نزول الوحي

In the cave of Ḥirāʾ the first verses descend: "Recite, in the name of your Lord who created."

Ramaḍān · before the Hijra≈ 610 CEMonthTraditionalProphetic era · Hijaz · Observance

Battle of Wādī Lakkah (Guadalete) معركة وادي لكة

Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād breaks the Visigothic army and King Roderic falls; al-Andalus opens in a single Ramaḍān.

Ramaḍān 92 AH≈ Jul 711MonthAttestedUmayyad · al-Andalus · Battle
YEAR-PRECISE — THIS YEAR IN 16 AH

ʿUmar receives the surrender of Jerusalem العهدة العمرية

The caliph accepts the city’s surrender in person and grants the assurance later known as the Pact of ʿUmar.

16 AH≈ 637 CEYearAttestedRashidun · Levant · Treaty
This month in RamaḍānOpen in calendar →
17Battle of Badr2 AH · 13 Mar 624
20Conquest of Makkah8 AH · 10 Jan 630
25Battle of ʿAyn Jālūt658 AH · 3 Sep 1260