Struck at the dawn prayer in Kūfah by a Khārijite blade, the fourth caliph dies two days later — the end of the Rashidun age.
In the cave of Ḥirāʾ the first verses descend: "Recite, in the name of your Lord who created."
Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād breaks the Visigothic army and King Roderic falls; al-Andalus opens in a single Ramaḍān.
Al-Manṣūr breaks ground on the Round City between the rivers — capital of the ʿAbbāsids and, soon, of the world’s learning.